Works from the West Valley Library Subscription Services on the HS Library Home Page:
Pattern for Subscription Service:
Author (Last name, First name). “Title of Article.” Original Periodical Day Month Year: Page number. Name of Subscription
Service. Name of Service. Name of Library, City, State. Day Month Year researcher accesses site <URL>.
Example from Discovering Collection
"Pashtun." Worldmark Encyclopedia of Cultures and Daily Life. 4 vols. Gale Research, 1998. Discovering Collection.
Thomson Gale. West Valley High School Lib., Yakima, WA 4 July 2000
<http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/DC>.
“Florida Judge Defies INS Order on Cuban Boy.” Facts.com. 13 Jan. 2000. Facts on File News Services. West Valley High
School Lib., Yakima, WA. 17 Oct. 2005 <http:www.2facts.com>.
Example from General Reference Center Gold
Barringer, Felicity. “Science, Ethics and a Stalled Nomination.” The New York Times, 8 April 2005: pA24(L). General
Reference Center Gold. Thomson Gale. West Valley High School Lib., Yakima,WA. 3 Sep 2004
<http://web2.infotrac.galegroup.com/itw/infomark>.
Example from Encyclopedia Americana
“Potato.” Encyclopedia Americana Online. Grolier Online. West Valley High School Lib., Yakima, WA. 4 Oct 2005
<http://ea.grolier.com>.
Example from Infotrac Student Edition
Koretz, Gene. “Uh-Oh, Warm Water.” Business Week 4 July 2002: 2. Student Edition. Thomson Gale. West Valley High
School Lib., Yakima, WA. 7 Oct. 2005 <http://www.infotrac.galegroup.com>.
Example from Opposing Viewpoints Resource Center
"America's Vulnerability to Terrorism Is Declining" by Ken Adelman. Urban Terrorism. A.E. Sadler, Ed. Current
Controversies Series. Greenhaven Press, 1996. Reprinted by permission: Tribune Media Services. Opposing
Viewpoints Resource Center. Thomson Gale. 18 April 2005 West Valley High School Lib., Yakima, WA.
7 Oct. 2005 <http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/OVRC>.
“New Reporters [100023].” WOIS On-line. WOIS/The Career Information System. West Valley High School Lib., Yakima,
WA. 8 Oct 2005 <http://www.wois.org>.
Pattern:
Author (Last name, First name). Title. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.
Example:
Smith, John. The World of Work and How It Affects You. New York: Harper, 2005.
2. A Book by Two or Three Authors
Pattern:
Author (Last name, First name), and Author (First name Last name). Title. City of Publication:
Publisher, Year of Publication.
Examples:
Elliot, Eric, and Mary Joneson. The Rise of the Wealthy in America. Cambridge: Harvard Press, 2004.
3. A Book by Three or More Authors
Pattern:
Author (Last name, First), et. al. Title. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.
Example:
Smith, Donald C., et al. The World of No Return. New York: Crowell, 2003.
4. A Book by a Corporate Author
Pattern:
Name of Company. Title. Ed. (First Name Last Name). City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.
Example:
American Medical Association. The American Medical Association Encyclopedia of Medicine. Ed. Chuck Williams. New
New York: Random, 2004.
5. A Book with an Editor and no Author
Pattern:
Editor (Last name, First name), ed. Title. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.
Example:
Kuhn, Thomas, ed. The Essentials of Science. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.
6. A Book with an Author and an Editor
Pattern:
Author (Last name, First name). Title. Ed. (First name Last name). City of Publication: Publisher, Year of
Publication.
Example:
Thoreau, Henry David. Selected Journals. Ed. Carl Bode. New York: Harcourt, 1985.
7. A Work in an Anthology (a collection of articles or chapters by different authors)
Pattern:
Author (Last name, First name). "Title of Article or Chapter." Title of Book. Ed. (First name Last name). City of
Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Page numbers.
Example:
Tyler, Anne. "The Industrial Revolution." History of the United States. Ed. Janet Sternburg. New York:
Norton, 1996. 3-16.
8. An Introduction, Preface, Foreword, or Afterword
Pattern:
Author of Introduction (Last name, First name). Indicate Section. Title of Book. By Author of book (First name
Last name). City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Page numbers.
Example:
Bernstein, Carl. Afterword. Poison Penmanship. By Jessica Mitford. New York: Random, 2003. 275-77.
Pattern:
Author (Last name, First name). Title. Name of Series. Number in Series (if there is one). City of Publication:
Publisher, Year of Publication.
Example:
Longley, John L., Jr. Robert Penn Warren. Southern Writers Series. 13. Austin: Steck, 2004..
Pattern:
Author (Last name, First name). Title. Ed. Volume Number. City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.
Example:
Blotner, Joseph. Faulkner: A Biography. Vol. 1. New York: Random, 2005..
11. Bible- Only place specific version on the Works Cited page:
The New Jerusalem Bible. Ed. Henry Bough. New York: Doubleday, 1988.
(Incidentally, in your paper the word Bible should not be underlined.
12. Material reprinted from Another Source
Pattern:
The example below is a magazine (periodical) article reprinted in a book. Pattern will vary according to original source.
Author (Last name, First name). "Title of original article." Original periodical Date of periodical: page numbers.
Rpt. in Title of Book. Ed. (First name Last name). City of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication.
Example:
Brownlee, Shannon. "First It was "Save the Whales," Now It's 'Free the Dolphins.' " Discover Dec.
1986: 70-72. Rpt. in Elements of Argument. 2nd ed. Ed. Ann Smith. New York: Bedford-St.
Martin's, 2002.
13. General Encyclopedia or Dictionary with Author's Name (Signed article - author's name is at end or beginning of article and may just be initials that you have to link with the entire name)
Pattern:
Author (Last name, First name). "Title of Article." Book Title. Edition. (Edition may just be year.)
Example:
Tobias, Richard C. "Carnegie, Andrew." World Book Encyclopedia. 1980 ed.
14. General Encyclopedia, dictionary, no Author's Name (Unsigned article)
Pattern:
"Title of article." Book Title. Edition. Year. (if edition and year are different)
Example:
"Graham, Martha." Who's Who of American Women. 13th ed. 1983.
PERIODICALS (MAGAZINES), JOURNALS, NEWSPAPERS
15. Article from a Monthly or Bimonthly Periodical
Pattern:
Author (Last name, First name). "Title of article." Periodical Date of Publication: Page numbers.
Example:
Jacobs, Jane. "The Dynamic of Decline." Atlantic Apr. 1984: 93-114.
16. Article from a Weekly or Biweekly Periodical
Pattern:
Author (Last name, First name). "Title of article." Periodical Day Month Year: Page numbers.
Example:
Arlen, Michael J. "Onward and Upward with History." New Yorker15 Oct. 1999: 55-146.
17. Daily Newspaper Article with Author's Name (signed article)
Pattern:
Author (Last name, First name). "Title of article." Newspaper Day Month Year: Page numbers.
Example:
Whited, Charles. "The Priceless Treasure." Miami Herald 15 July 1973: 12.
18. Daily Newspaper Article without Author's Name (unsigned article)
Pattern:
"Title of article." Newspaper Day Month Year: section number (if applicable): Page numbers.
Example:
"Culture Shock: Williamsburg and Disney World, Back to Back." New YorkTimes 21 Sept. 1975, sec. 10: 1.
Pattern:
Software Title. Type of Media. City of Publication: Publisher, Year.
Volkswriter Deluxe. Diskette. New York: Lifetree Software, 1983.
Pattern:
"Articale Title." CD-ROM Title. CD-ROM. City of Publication: Publisher, Year.
"Jefferson, Thomas." The New Grolier Electronic Encyclopedia. CD-ROM. Danbury: Grolier Electronic
Publishing, 1988.
"Hawaii." Information Finder. CD-ROM. Chicago: World Book Encyclopedia, 1993.
United States. Cong. House. Committee on the Judiciary " Report on the Fair Use of Copyrighted Works, 16 June 1994.
102nd Cong. 1st sess. Congressional Masterfile 2. CD-ROM. Congressional Information Service. Dec. 1996..
Mencken, H. L. "Final Estimate." H. L. Mencken's "Smart Set" Criticism. New York: Random House, 1968. 182-189.
DISCovering Authors. CD-ROM. Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Research, 1996.
SOURCES FROM THE WORLD WIDE WEB
SOURCES FROM THE WORLD WIDE WEB
These will vary widely according to the information you can obtain from the site. Editors, authors, page numbers are sometimes not available. Editors, authors, page numbers are sometimes not available. The top 2 examples - professional site, personal site -and work from a subscription service at the top of this page - will be the ones you use most often at West Valley High School.
21. Entire Internet Site (professional)
Pattern:
Title of Site. Ed. (First Name Last Name). Date of pub. or latest update. Institution or organization associated with
web site. Day Month Year researcher accesses site <URL>.
Examples:
Bartleby.com: Great Books Online. Ed. Steven van Leeuwen. 2002. 1 May 2002
<http://www.bartleby.com/>.
History Channel.com. 2002 History Channel. 14 May 1997 <http://historychannel.com>.
Pattern:
Author, if given (Last name, First name). Title of Page. Title of Entire Site. Date of pub. or latest update. Institution or
organization associated with web site. Day Month Year researcher accessed site <URL>.
Examples:
Jones, Jay. Fashion in the 90's. Fashion Through History. 2002. Institute of Fashion. 10 Dec 2006
<http://www.infa.org/history/90s.html>.
WW II Battles. History Channel.com. 6 May 2001. History Channel. 9 Nov 2006 <http://historychannel.com/ww2/battles.htm>.
Pattern:
Author (Last name, First name). Home page (if no title). Date of last update, if given. Day Month Year researcher
accesses site <URL>.
Example:
Lancashire, Ian. Home page. 1 May 2003 <http://www.chass.utoronto.ca:8080/~ian/index.html>.
23. Home Page for an Academic Department
Microbiology and Immunology. Dept. home page. Stanford U School of Medicine. 4 Oct. 2002
<http://cmgm.stanford.edu/micor/>.
Victorian Women Writers Project. Ed. Perry Willett. Apr. 1997. Indiana U. 26 Apr. 1997
<http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/vwwp/>.
Nesbit, E[dith]. Ballads and Lyrics of Socialism. London, 1908. Victorian Women Writers Project. Ed.
Perry Willett. Apr. 1997. Indiana U. 26 Apr. 1997 <http://www.indiana.edu/~letrs/nesbit/ballsoc.html>.
Nesbit, E[dith]. "Marching Song." Ballads and Lyrics of Socialism. London, 1908. Victorian Women
Writers Project. Ed. Perry Willett. Apr. 1997. Indiana U. 26 Apr. 1997
<http://www.indiana.edu/~letr/nesbit/ballsoc.html#p9>.
Flannagan, Roy. "Reflections on Milton and Ariosto." Early Modern Literary Studies 2.3 (1996): 16
pars. 22 Feb. 1997 <http://unixg.ubc.ca:7001/0/esources/emls/023/flanmilt.html>.
Landsburg, Steven E. "Who Shall Inherit the Earth?" Slate 1 May 1997. 2 May 1999
<http://www.slate.com/Economics/97-05-01/Economics.asp>.
29. Posting to a Discussion List
Merrian, Joanne. "Spinoff: Monsterpiece Theatre." Online posting. 30 Apr. 1994. Shaksper: The Global
Electronic Shakespeare Conference. 27 Aug. 1997<http://www.arts.ubc.ca/english/iemls/shak/>.
30. An Online Image or Series of Images
Pattern:
Artist if available. "Description or title of image." Date of image. Online image. Title of larger site. Date of
download. <electronic address>.
Examples:
Smith, Greg. "Rhesus Monkeys in the Zoo." No date. Online image. Monkey Picture Gallery. 3 May 2003
<http://monk.online.org/rhe.jpt>.
31. E-mail (or other personal communications)
Pattern:
Author. "Title of message (if any). " E-mail to person's name. Date of the message.
Example:
Kunka, Andrew. "Re: Modern History." E-mail to the author. 5 Nov. 2000.
United States. Federal Communications Commission. Investigation of the Telephone Industry in the
United States. 76th Cong., 1st sess. H. Doc. 340. Washington: GPO, 1939.
33. Films and Television Prorgrams
Modern Times. Dir. Charles Chaplin. With Chaplin and Paulette Goddard. United Artists, 1936.
"The American Constitution." The Forum: Affairs of State. NPR. WGBH, Boston. 10 May 1987.
"The Campaign." Middletown. Created by Peter Davis. Dir. Tom Cohen. PBS. WQED, Pittsburgh. 24
Mar. 1982.
Ellison, Ralph. Interview. "Indivisible Man." With James Alan McPherson. Atlantic Dec. 1970: 45-60.
Ferraro, Geraldine. Personal interview. 25 July 1984.
35. History Department Sources:
United States. Department of State. Algeria. Background Notes Ser. 7821. Washington: Bureau of
Public Affairs, 2005.
Brigham Young University. Republic of Armenia. CultureGrams World Edition 2005. Lindon, UT: ProQuest Information and
Learning Company, 2005.
1. In writing your research paper, you must document everything that you borrow - not only direct quotations and paraphrases but also information and ideas.
2. The list of works cited at the end of your research paper plays an important role in your acknowledgment of sources, but it's not enough. You must indicate exactly what you have taken from each source and exactly where in that work you found the material.
3. Parenthetical references in the text must clearly point to specific sources in the list of works cited.
4. A citation in MLA style contains only enough information to enable readers to find the source on the Works Cited page.
6. Use the first word of the Works Cited entry followed by the page(s) in the source on which the borrowed information occurs. Most of the time this is the author's last name. If there is no author, use the first word of the title (other than a, an, or the).
7. Once a source is cited, if it is cited again without another different source coming between, you need only indicate the page number of the source on the second citation.
One Author: (Jones 118)
Two Authors: (Jones and Taylor 18)
Three or More Authors: (Jones et al. 118)
Title Only: ("Pony" 118) or (Walk 118)
If you have two authors with the same last name, or if one author wrote two of your sources, add title to the reference: (Jones, "Pony" 118) or (Jones, Walk 118)
1. A specific detail or quote from your research can be incorporated in several ways.
• By mentioning it in your own
words. This involves no direct quotation. For
example: During the early seventies,
inventions such as the microchip, computer switching
systems, and orbiting satellites finally became part of the
total AT&T system, making it possible for customers to
make inexpensive direct dial long distance calls within the
United States and to other countries throughout the world
(Kleinfield 301). • By incorporating a key word
or phrase by quoting directly only a word or two within one
of your own sentences. For example: Although Toffler goes on to deny
that "the fast-increasing variety of goods and services. . .
is. . . an attempt to manipulatethe consumer and to inflate
profits" (217), consumers still have the final
decision. • By quoting directly an
important sentence or series of sentences: The telephone is an American
mainstay: "It has become a habit of mind - a habit of
tenseness and alertness" (Jones 12).
2. The purpose of a parenthetical reference is to document a source briefly, clearly, and accurately. You must give credit for ideas, statistics, or quotes that are not your own. There are three ways to give credit (three different types of parenthetical references).
• Place the
author's last name and the page number or numbers of source
in parentheses. One historian argues that the
telephone (and certainly the advertising that announced it)
created "a new habit of mind - a habit of tenseness" (Jones
112). • Use the author's last name
in your sentence and place only the page number numbers of
the source in parentheses. John Jones points out that the
telephone (and certainly the advertising that announced it)
created "a new habit of mind - a habit of tenseness"
(112). • Give the author's last name
in your sentence when you are citing the entire work rather
than a specific section or passage and omit any
parenthetical references. John Jones argues that the history
of the telephone is characterized by innovations that have
changed public attitudes.
Note: You usually place the reference before the period in a sentence unless it is at the end of a paragraph and the entire paragraph is from a single source. In that case, place the reference after the period. You may also place the reference mid-sentence if the quote ends in the middle if you only want to give credit for that specific quote.
he following examples of documentation were compiled using the following sources:
MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 4th ed. New York: Modern Language
Association of America, 1995.
MLA Style. Modern Language Association. 25 February 1998
<http://www.mla.org/main_stl.htm>.